Problem & Solution

What This Essay Type Tests

Problem and solution essays ask you to identify problems related to a specific issue and propose realistic solutions. The examiner is testing whether your solutions are genuinely connected to the problems you identified — a solution that does not address the stated problem scores poorly.

The Connection Rule

Every solution must directly address a problem you mentioned. If you write that the problem is traffic congestion caused by too many private cars, your solution must address private car use. Proposing better roads does not solve the stated problem — it worsens it.

Structure

Introduction: Paraphrase the situation. State that this essay will examine the main problems and propose solutions.

Body Paragraph 1 — Problems: Identify two problems clearly. Explain why each is a problem and what consequences it causes.

Body Paragraph 2 — Solutions: Propose a solution for each problem identified in Body 1. Explain how each solution directly addresses its corresponding problem.

Conclusion: Summarize the problems briefly and restate the solutions. Optionally add a prediction about outcomes if solutions are implemented.

The Parallel Structure Technique

For maximum coherence use a parallel structure: Problem 1 ? Solution 1, Problem 2 ? Solution 2. This makes your argument easy to follow and directly shows the examiner that your solutions are logically connected to your problems.

Solution Vocabulary

"One effective measure would be to...", "A viable solution is...", "This could be addressed by...", "Governments should consider...", "Individuals can contribute by...", "This problem would be significantly reduced if..."

Common Mistakes

Proposing solutions that do not address the problems stated — always check the logical connection.

Only identifying one problem — aim for two clearly developed problems.

Vague solutions like "educate people" or "raise awareness" without explaining how — be specific and realistic.

Confusing causes and problems — identify the problem itself, not just what causes it.

Practice Question

In many cities, traffic congestion is increasing. What are the main causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to reduce it?