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IELTS Problem & Solution Essays
Problem and Solution essays require you to analyze a specific global or local issue, identify its core causes (or resulting problems), and outline practical, realistic solutions. The main criteria examiners look for is logical alignment: every solution you propose must directly address a corresponding cause you detailed earlier.
Model Answers & Breakdowns (8)
There has been considerable discussion about implementing a ban on single-use plastic products. Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of such a ban and provide your own opinion.
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The implementation of Universal Basic Income (UBI) has sparked significant debate across the globe. Proponents argue that it serves as a vital safety net, alleviating poverty and providing stability in an increasingly uncertain world. However, critics raise concerns about the potential disincentives to work that such a system may create. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
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The rising volume of household waste presents significant challenges for numerous nations around the globe. Identify the underlying causes of this issue and propose viable solutions to mitigate its effects.
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of implementing a four-day work week. To what extent do you agree that this change would positively impact productivity?
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Preserving historic buildings is a controversial issue in contemporary urban development. While some individuals argue that the maintenance costs of these structures exceed their benefits, others contend that they are essential for safeguarding a city’s cultural heritage. Discuss both views and provide your opinion.
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of adopting nuclear energy as a primary energy source. What measures can be taken to mitigate the associated risks?
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To what extent should the government take responsibility for public health, or should individuals prioritize their own health? Discuss both views and give your opinion.
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Declining birth rates are increasingly prevalent in various countries. What are the main causes of this phenomenon, and what implications might it have for future societal structures? Discuss significant factors such as economic motives, cultural transformations, and demographic shifts while considering the potential impact of an aging population.
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Band 9 Essay Structure
1. Introduction
- Sentence 1: Paraphrase the prompt (state the problem area in contemporary society).
- Sentence 2: Thesis statement (acknowledge the issue is complex and state that it can be solved through target interventions).
- Sentence 3: Outline (mention that the essay will examine causes and outline solutions).
2. Body Paragraph 1 (Causes/Problems)
- Topic Sentence: Introduce the primary cause.
- Explanation: Break down the mechanics of the cause.
- Secondary Cause: Introduce the second factor (e.g. compounded by...).
- Example: Illustrate with a concrete example.
3. Body Paragraph 2 (Solutions)
- Topic Sentence: State that the issues can be mitigated by specific measures.
- Solution 1: Propose a solution that directly fixes the primary cause. Explain how it works.
- Solution 2: Propose a solution for the secondary cause.
- Example: Show how these solutions have succeeded elsewhere.
4. Conclusion
- Sentence 1: Re-cap (summarize the root causes).
- Sentence 2: Summary of solutions (re-state the interventions).
- Sentence 3: Future Outlook (conclude with a prediction of society if actions are taken).
Examiner Key Advice
Avoid vague, abstract solutions like "raising awareness" or "educating the public" without detailing the specific mechanism. Be concrete: e.g. "governments should launch subsidized nationwide advertising campaigns" or "implement mandatory school curriculum modules on nutrition".
Verify that you have a 1-to-1 match between the problems you describe and the solutions you suggest.
Use action-oriented modal verbs like "must", "should", "ought to" to describe solutions.
Analyze root causes, not just surface-level symptoms.
Related Resources & Guides
Sample Essays
Some people believe that high school students should be mandated to participate in community service activities as a part of their education. Others argue that imposing such requirements can lead to insincerity in volunteering and resentment among students. Discuss both perspectives and provide your own view.
To what extent do you agree or disagree that sports should be a compulsory part of the school curriculum?
In recent years, there has been a noticeable decline in the number of children who engage in reading books. What do you think are the reasons behind this trend, and what impact do you believe it will have on literacy rates? Discuss both views and provide your opinion.
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